PRK - Photorefractive Keratectomy Overview

PRK reshapes the cornea by removing the epithelial layer, offering flap-free laser vision correction.

PRK is a surface-based laser eye surgery that reshapes the cornea to correct refractive errors without creating the flap used in LASIK or INTRA-LASIK. During PRK surgery, the outer epithelial layer of the cornea is gently removed so that the excimer laser can reshape the underlying tissue directly. Once the reshaping is complete, a bandage contact lens is placed to protect the eye while the epithelium regenerates. Because PRK does not weaken the structural layers beneath the epithelium, it is widely considered one of the safest refractive procedures for individuals with thin corneas or those at risk for flap displacement. Many patients undergoing refractive consultations explore PRK when LASIK is unsuitable, finding the concept appealing due to its flap-free design. PRK’s long history has helped surgeons refine techniques for improved healing and reduced discomfort. While the initial recovery takes longer than LASIK, long-term vision outcomes are equally strong. PRK remains especially useful for military personnel, athletes and individuals with corneal abnormalities that limit their LASIK eligibility.

The PRK technique relies on direct access to the corneal stroma, enabling the excimer laser to reshape the cornea precisely. The procedure begins by removing the epithelial layer using a gentle mechanical method, a brush or a diluted alcohol solution, depending on surgeon preference. Once the surface cells are removed, the excimer laser applies calibrated energy to smooth the cornea and adjust its curvature according to the patient’s prescription. This reshaping allows light to focus accurately on the retina, improving clarity, reducing dependence on glasses and enhancing overall visual function. After the laser work is complete, the epithelium begins regenerating from surrounding tissue and typically reforms within several days. A protective bandage lens helps prevent irritation and supports healing. PRK is performed with topical anaesthetic drops and computer-guided tracking systems, ensuring each laser pulse is precisely delivered. The accuracy of modern excimer lasers has greatly increased the reliability and predictability of PRK outcomes. Because PRK preserves more corneal strength than flap-based surgeries, it remains a preferred option for patients with particular anatomical considerations.

PRK is often recommended for patients with thin corneas or active lifestyles where flap-based procedures are unsuitable.

PRK is a suitable treatment for many individuals seeking permanent correction of refractive errors, especially those who may not qualify for flap-based surgeries. Patients with thin corneas often benefit from PRK because it avoids cutting into deeper tissue. Individuals who engage in high-impact sports, military activities or martial arts often choose PRK to avoid the risk of flap displacement that can occur with LASIK. Candidates must have a stable prescription for at least one year and be free of active eye diseases such as keratoconus, severe dry eye or uncontrolled blepharitis. PRK is also an excellent option for individuals with irregular corneal surfaces, minor scarring or topographic irregularities that make them unsuitable for other procedures. Many patients are initially concerned about the longer recovery timeline, but surgeons explain that PRK’s long-term stability and safety often outweigh the temporary inconvenience. A thorough preoperative examination, including corneal mapping, tear evaluation and prescription stability, determines suitability. Understanding candidacy criteria helps ensure PRK is selected only when it can offer predictable and safe results.

Before PRK surgery, patients undergo a comprehensive evaluation to determine whether the procedure is appropriate and safe for their eyes. This assessment includes measuring corneal thickness, mapping corneal curvature and assessing overall corneal health. Surgeons evaluate tear film quality to monitor dryness levels, as adequate lubrication is important during healing. Special imaging tools provide precise measurements that guide the excimer laser, ensuring personalised treatment for each patient’s refractive needs. Individuals are advised to discontinue contact lenses before their assessment so the cornea can return to its natural shape. Detailed discussions about expectations, potential side effects and differences between PRK and LASIK help patients make informed decisions. Surgeons also review medical history to identify systemic conditions that may influence healing. This evaluation ensures that PRK is selected for appropriate candidates and that outcomes align with each patient’s visual goals. A well-executed pre-operative assessment contributes directly to the safety and accuracy of the final results.

PRK surgery follows a structured sequence that prioritises accuracy, comfort and safety. The process begins with the application of numbing drops to prevent discomfort. The surgeon then removes the epithelium to expose the underlying corneal tissue, using a method best suited to the patient’s anatomy. Once exposed, the excimer laser reshapes the cornea by removing microscopic layers of tissue in precise patterns. The laser ablation process lasts only seconds but dramatically improves visual clarity. After the laser treatment, the eye is rinsed and examined to ensure proper contour. A soft bandage contact lens is placed over the cornea to protect the eye while the epithelium regenerates. Patients rest briefly before returning home with detailed aftercare instructions. The entire procedure typically takes 10–20 minutes per eye. Each step is designed to optimise safety, minimise discomfort and achieve consistent results. The simplicity and precision of PRK contribute to its enduring popularity within refractive surgery.

The excimer laser in PRK provides precise reshaping to correct myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

Recovery after PRK is gradual because the epithelium must regrow and restore the surface layer of the cornea. In the first few days, patients may experience irritation, tearing, burning sensations or light sensitivity, all of which lessen as the epithelial cells regenerate. The bandage lens remains in place for several days to support healing and reduce discomfort. Vision is blurry initially and improves slowly over the first week, with significant clarity emerging within 1–2 weeks. Full stabilisation can take several weeks as the cornea refines its shape. Patients must use prescribed anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drops, along with lubricants, to support healing and prevent complications. Although the early days require patience, the long-term results of PRK remain highly consistent and comparable to LASIK. Many patients report excellent clarity once stabilisation is complete. Surgeons monitor recovery through follow-up appointments to ensure the healing process progresses smoothly. With proper care and adherence to instructions, PRK recovery leads to strong and stable visual improvements.

PRK produces reliable and long-lasting visual improvements for a wide range of refractive errors. Many patients achieve 20/20 vision or close to it once stabilisation is complete. Because PRK reshapes the cornea precisely, outcomes are long-term and structurally stable. Some individuals notice improved night vision, reduced glare and more natural visual clarity after healing. PRK can correct myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism with excellent precision, especially when enhanced with wavefront-guided treatment options. Long-term satisfaction rates remain high due to the procedure’s durability and safety. Although healing is slower than LASIK, the final results are equally effective and often preferred for individuals seeking maximum corneal strength. PRK’s decades-long history provides a strong evidence base supporting its outcomes. As laser technology continues to advance, outcomes become even more predictable. For many individuals, PRK offers a balance between long-term safety and exceptional visual performance.

Although PRK is known for its strong safety record, all surgical procedures carry risks. Early postoperative discomfort is expected because of epithelial healing, and temporary blurred vision is normal. Corneal haze may develop in some patients, although modern techniques and medications have greatly reduced its incidence. Dry eye symptoms may occur temporarily as nerves regenerate. Infection, delayed healing or tissue irregularities are rare but possible. Some individuals may not achieve perfect correction and may require enhancement treatments after healing stabilises. Scarring is uncommon but may occur in rare circumstances. Surgeons minimise risks by performing thorough evaluations, using modern lasers and providing detailed aftercare guidance. The long-term biomechanical stability of PRK reduces the risk of complications compared with flap-based procedures. Understanding risks helps patients prepare realistically for the procedure and recovery. With proper care and selection, PRK complications remain minimal and manageable.

Turkey is the most popular destination for medical tourists. Low costs meet good quality here.

PRK is widely available across the UK and remains a preferred option among surgeons for individuals with thin corneas or high-impact lifestyles. Many private clinics offer PRK alongside LASIK and other refractive treatments, providing patients with tailored choices based on their anatomy. The NHS does not typically cover PRK unless performed for medical reasons such as corneal scarring or therapeutic indications. Private clinics in the UK offer PRK at competitive prices, emphasising safety and experience. Patients often choose clinics with long-standing reputations, advanced laser platforms and comprehensive aftercare support. Because PRK recovery is more involved, UK clinics frequently include structured follow-up care to monitor healing. PRK continues to be recommended by leading ophthalmologists as a safe and effective refractive option for suitable candidates. With strong regulatory standards and trained specialists, the UK remains an ideal location for PRK treatment.

PRK abroad is popular for patients seeking cost savings or faster access to treatment. Turkey, in particular, has become a major destination for PRK surgery due to its advanced ophthalmology centres, experienced surgeons and affordable pricing structures. Clinics in Turkey often offer all-inclusive packages covering consultations, surgery, medications and follow-up appointments. Even after travel expenses, patients may find the total cost lower than private UK treatment. Other international options include European and Asian centres with strong reputations in refractive surgery. Individuals searching for treatment abroad should verify surgeon credentials, technology platforms and clinic accreditation. Patients travelling for PRK frequently purchase medical travel shield or medical shield insurance to protect against unexpected outcomes or travel disruptions. When carefully planned, PRK abroad can provide safe, effective and cost-efficient vision correction. With proper research, patients can achieve excellent outcomes and access high-quality care internationally.

Protect yourself when seeking treatments overseas by choosing reputable clinics and securing medical travel insurance.

PRK is considered an elective refractive procedure and is rarely covered by conventional health insurance. Private insurance in the UK typically excludes vision correction unless medically required. Patients pursuing PRK abroad often choose dedicated medical travel insurance such as medical travel shield or medical shield to ensure coverage for emergencies or cancellations. These policies help protect individuals from financial risk while travelling for medical procedures. Although PRK itself is elective, having adequate insurance ensures peace of mind and support during recovery. Patients undergoing PRK within the UK may still require general health insurance to cover unrelated emergencies. Understanding insurance limitations allows individuals to prepare properly for both domestic and international treatment. Planning ensures a smooth treatment experience from initial consultation through recovery.

PRK remains one of the most trusted and reliable laser vision correction techniques available today. Its flap-free design, long-term stability and suitability for a wide range of patients make it invaluable in modern refractive surgery. Although recovery takes longer than LASIK, PRK offers equally strong visual outcomes and remains particularly beneficial for individuals with thin corneas or those who engage in physically demanding activities. With excellent precision, proven safety and decades of refinement, PRK continues to be a preferred option among surgeons and patients alike. Treatment is widely accessible in the UK and available abroad in destinations such as Turkey, offering flexibility for patients seeking cost-effective solutions. When paired with appropriate insurance options such as medical travel shield or medical shield, PRK provides a safe and structured path to long-term vision improvement. As technology advances, PRK remains a cornerstone of refractive eye care.